They have been described as the water towers of the world, and with good reason.

Clouds, smoke and fog may darken the skies, but sediment, algae blooms and organic matter can turn day into night on the seafloor.

Picture a Northern California vineyard, rows of grapevines bathed in morning fog, workers hand-thinning vines, exposing them to sunlight, and the slow rhythm of the seasons guiding each harvest.

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are periods of unusually warm sea temperatures, recognised as one of the fastest emerging climate-related drivers of change in the ocean.

Researchers have developed a heat storage unit that takes up less space than a regular hot water tank.

“That’s the dream,” says researcher Hanne Dalsvåg. 

When engineers and planners design roads, bridges and dams, they rely on hydrological models intended to protect infrastructure and communities from 50- and 100-year floods. 

The U.S. boasts more than 4 million miles of rivers, peppered with laws and regulations to protect access to drinking water and essential habitat for fish and wildlife. 

A new international analysis published in Advances in Atmospheric Sciences on 9 January finds that the Earth's ocean stored more heat in 2025 than in any year since modern measurements began.

New observations help explain why the southern hemisphere is warming less quickly than the northern hemisphere.